○ The Industrial Revolution, along with the accompanying infrastructure construction and urbanization, largely changed the balance between humans and nature, as well as altering our understanding of geography and perception of space. If the Industrial Revolution originated from the conscious desire of humans to intervene in and change their living environment, what was rebuilt was a "higher-dimensional" conquest of place and nature, in exchange for a more comfortable, safe, and "beautiful" living environment. However, without the recent discussions on "carbon peaking," "carbon neutrality," "zero energy consumption," "green" and "sustainable development," as well as the increasingly felt impact of climate change, we may not have realized the consequences and enormous costs of this conquest. What do these mean for architects' current spatial practices?